{"id":113773,"date":"2022-04-27T06:56:50","date_gmt":"2022-04-27T10:56:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/?p=113773"},"modified":"2022-04-27T06:56:50","modified_gmt":"2022-04-27T10:56:50","slug":"russias-intervention-in-ukraine-is-legal-under-international-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/?p=113773","title":{"rendered":"

Russia\u2019s Intervention in Ukraine is Legal Under International Law<\/h1>"},"content":{"rendered":"

Daniel Kovalik: Why Russia’s intervention in Ukraine is legal under international law<\/strong><\/h1>\n

The argument can be made that Russia exercised its right for self-defense<\/h3>\n

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Daniel Kovalik<\/strong>\u00a0teaches International Human Rights at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law, and is author of the\u00a0recently-released\u00a0No More War: How the West Violates International Law by Using \u201cHumanitarian\u201d Intervention to Advance Economic and Strategic Interests.<\/em><\/p>\n

RT.com<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\"Daniel<\/picture><\/div>\n
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Russian military vehicles move on a highway in an area controlled by Russian-backed
\nseparatist forces near Mariupol, Ukraine, Monday, April 18, 2022. Mariupol.
\n<\/span>\u00a9\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0(AP Photo\/Alexei Alexandrov)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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For many years, I have studied and given much thought to the UN Charter\u2019s prohibition against aggressive war. No one can seriously doubt that the primary purpose of the document\u00a0\u2013 drafted and agreed to on the heels of the horrors of WWII \u2013 was and is to prevent war and\u00a0\u201cto maintain international peace and security,\u201d<\/em>\u00a0a phrase repeated throughout.<\/p>\n

As the Justices at Nuremberg correctly\u00a0concluded<\/a>,\u00a0\u201cTo initiate a war of aggression … is not only an international crime; it is the supreme international crime differing only from other war crimes in that it contains within itself the accumulated evil of the whole.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0That is, war is the paramount crime because all of the evils we so abhor \u2013 genocide, crimes against humanity, etc. \u2013 are the terrible fruits of the tree of war.<\/p>\n

In light of the above, I have spent my entire adult life opposing war and foreign intervention.\u00a0 Of course, as an American, I have had ample occasion to do so given that the US is, as Martin Luther King\u00a0stated<\/a>,\u00a0\u201cthe greatest purveyor of violence in the world.\u201d\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0Similarly, Jimmy Carter recently\u00a0stated<\/a>\u00a0that the US is\u00a0\u201cthe most war-like nation in the history of the world.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0This is demonstrably true, of course. In my lifetime alone, the US has waged aggressive and unprovoked wars against countries such as Vietnam, Grenada, Panama, the former Yugoslavia, Iraq (twice), Afghanistan, Libya, and Somalia. And this doesn\u2019t even count the numerous proxy wars the US has fought via\u00a0surrogates (e.g., through the Contras in Nicaragua, various jihadist groups in Syria, and through Saudi Arabia and the UAE in the ongoing war against Yemen).<\/p>\n

Indeed, through such wars, the US has done more, and intentionally so, than any nation on earth to undermine the legal pillars prohibiting war.\u00a0 It is in reaction to this, and with the express desire to try to salvage what is left of the UN Charter\u2019s legal prohibitions against aggressive war, that a number of nations, including Russia and China, founded the\u00a0Group of Friends in Defense of the UN Charter<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In short, for the US to complain about Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine as a violation of international law is, at best, the pot calling the kettle black. Still, the fact that the US is so obviously hypocritical in this regard does not necessarily mean Washington is automatically wrong. In the end, we must analyze Russia\u2019s conduct on its own merits.<\/p>\n

One must begin this discussion by accepting the fact that there was already a war happening in Ukraine for the eight years preceding the Russian military incursion in February 2022. And, this war by the government in Kiev against the Russian-speaking peoples of the Donbass \u2013 a war which claimed the\u00a0lives of around 14,000 people<\/a>, many of them\u00a0children<\/a>, and\u00a0displaced around 1.5 million more<\/a>\u00a0even before Russia\u2019s military operation \u2013 has been arguably genocidal. That is, the government in Kiev, and especially its neo-Nazi battalions, carried out attacks against these peoples with the intention of destroying, at least in part, the ethnic Russians precisely because of their ethnicity.<\/p>\n

While the US government and media are trying hard to obscure these facts, they are undeniable, and were indeed reported by the mainstream Western press before it became inconvenient to do so. Thus,\u00a0a commentary run by Reuters<\/a>\u00a0in 2018 clearly sets out how the neo-Nazis battalions have been integrated into the official Ukrainian military and police forces, and are thus state, or at least quasi-state, actors for which the Ukrainian government bears legal responsibility. As the piece relates, there are 30-some right-wing extremist groups operating in Ukraine, that\u00a0\u201chave been formally integrated into Ukraine\u2019s armed forces,\u201d<\/em>\u00a0and that \u201cthe more extreme among these groups promote an intolerant and illiberal ideology… \u201d\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

That is, they possess and promote hatred towards ethnic Russians, the Roma peoples, and members of the LGBT community as well, and they act out this hatred by attacking, killing, and displacing these peoples. The\u00a0piece cites<\/a>\u00a0the Western human rights group Freedom House for the proposition that\u00a0\u201can increase in patriotic discourse supporting Ukraine in its conflict with Russia has coincided with an apparent increase in both public hate speech, sometimes by public officials and magnified by the media, as well as violence towards vulnerable groups such as the LGBT community.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0And this has been accompanied by actual violence. For example,\u00a0\u201cAzov and other militias have attacked\u00a0anti-fascist\u00a0demonstrations,\u00a0city council\u00a0meetings,\u00a0media outlets,\u00a0art exhibitions,\u00a0foreign students and Roma.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

As reported in\u00a0Newsweek<\/a>, Amnesty International had been reporting on these very same extremist hate groups and their accompanying violent activities as far back as 2014.<\/p>\n

It is this very type of evidence \u2013 public hate speech combined with large-scale, systemic attacks on the targets of the speech \u2013 that has been used to convict individuals of genocide, for example in the Rwandan\u00a0genocide case<\/a>\u00a0against Jean-Paul Akayesu.<\/p>\n

To add to this, there are well\u00a0over 500,000 residents of the Donbass region<\/a>\u00a0of Ukraine who are also Russian citizens. While that estimate was made in April 2021, after Vladimir Putin\u2019s 2019 decree simplified the process of obtaining Russian citizenship for residents of the Donetsk and Lugansk People\u2019s Republics, this means that Russian citizens were being subjected to racialized attack by neo-Nazi groups integrated into the government of Ukraine, and right on the border of Russia.<\/p>\n

And lest Russia was uncertain about the Ukrainian government\u2019s intentions regarding the Russian ethnics in the Donbass, the government in Kiev passed new language laws in 2019 which made it clear that Russian speakers were at best second-class citizens. Indeed, the usually pro-West Human Rights Watch (HRW) expressed alarm about these laws. As\u00a0the HRW explained<\/a>\u00a0in an early-2022 report which received nearly no coverage in the Western media, the government in Kiev passed legislation which\u00a0\u201crequires print media outlets registered in Ukraine to publish in Ukrainian. Publications in other languages must also be accompanied by\u00a0a Ukrainian version, equivalent in content, volume, and method of printing. Additionally, places of distribution such as newsstands must have at least half their content in Ukrainian.\u201d\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

And, according to the HRW,\u00a0\u201cArticle 25, regarding print media outlets, makes exceptions for certain minority languages, English, and official EU languages, but not for Russian\u201d<\/em>\u00a0(emphasis added), the justification for that being\u00a0\u201cthe century of oppression of \u2026 Ukrainian in favor of Russian.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0As the HRW explained,\u00a0\u201c[t]here are concerns about whether guarantees for minority languages are sufficient. The Venice Commission, the Council of Europe\u2019s top advisory body on constitutional matters, said that several of the law\u2019s articles, including article 25,\u00a0\u2018failed to strike a fair balance\u2019 between promoting the Ukrainian language and safeguarding minorities\u2019 linguistic rights.\u201d<\/em>\u00a0Such legislation only underscored the Ukrainian government\u2019s desire to destroy the culture, if not the very existence, of the ethnic Russians in Ukraine.<\/p>\n

Moreover, as the\u00a0Organization of World Peace reported<\/a>\u00a0in 2021,\u00a0\u201caccording to Ukraine\u2019s National Security and Defense Council Decree no. 117\/2021, Ukraine has committed to putting all options on the table to taking back control over the Russian annexed Crimea region. Signed on March 24th, President Zelensky has committed the country to pursue strategies that\u00a0. . . \u2018will prepare and implement measures to ensure the de-occupation and reintegration of the peninsula.\u2019\u201d<\/em>\u00a0Given that the residents of Crimea, most of whom are ethnic Russians, are quite happy with the current state of affairs under Russian governance \u2013 this, according to a\u00a02020 Washington Post report<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 Zelensky\u2019s threat in this regard was not only a threat against Russia itself but was also a threat of potentially massive bloodshed against a people who do not want to go back to Ukraine.<\/p>\n

Without more, this situation represents a much more compelling case for justifying Russian intervention under the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) doctrine which has been advocated by such Western \u2018humanitarians\u2019 as Hillary Clinton, Samantha Power, and Susan Rice, and which was relied upon to justify the NATO interventions in countries like the former Yugoslavia and Libya. And moreover, none of the states involved in these interventions could possibly make any claims of self-defense. This is especially the case for the United States, which has been sending forces thousands of miles away to drop bombs on far-flung lands.<\/p>\n

Indeed, this recalls to mind the words of the great Palestinian intellectual, Edward Said, who opined years ago in his influential work, \u2018Culture and Imperialism<\/a>\u2019, that it is simply unfair to try to compare the empire-building of Russia with that of the West. As Dr. Said explained,\u00a0\u201cRussia \u2026 acquired its imperial territories almost exclusively by adjacence. Unlike Britain and France, which jumped thousands of miles beyond their own borders to other continents, Russia moved to swallow whatever land or peoples stood next to its borders \u2026 but in the English and French cases, the sheer distance of attractive territories summoned the projection of far-flung interest …\u201d<\/em>\u00a0This observation is doubly applicable to the United States.<\/p>\n

Still, there is more to consider regarding Russia\u2019s claimed justifications for intervention. Thus, not only are there radical groups on its border attacking ethnic Russians, including Russian citizens, but also, these groups have reportedly been funded and trained by the United States with the very intention of destabilizing and undermining the territorial integrity of Russia itself.<\/p>\n

As\u00a0Yahoo News! explained in a January 2022 article<\/a>:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe CIA is overseeing a secret intensive training program in the U.S. for elite Ukrainian special operations forces and other intelligence personnel, according to five former intelligence and national security officials familiar with the initiative. The program, which started in 2015, is based at an undisclosed facility in the Southern U.S., according to some of those officials.<\/em><\/p>\n

The program has involved \u2018very specific training on skills that would enhance\u2019 the Ukrainians\u2019 \u2018ability to push back against the Russians,\u2019 said the former senior intelligence official.<\/em><\/p>\n

The training, which has included \u2018tactical stuff,\u2019 is \u2018going to start looking pretty offensive if Russians invade Ukraine,\u2019 said the former official.<\/em><\/p>\n

One person familiar with the program put it more bluntly. \u2018The United States is training an insurgency,\u2019 said a former CIA official, adding that\u00a0the program has taught the Ukrainians how \u2018to kill Russians<\/strong>.\u2019\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

(emphasis added).<\/p>\n

To remove any doubt that the destabilization of Russia itself has been the goal of the US in these efforts, one should examine the very telling\u00a02019 report<\/a>\u00a0of the Rand Corporation \u2013 a long-time defense contractor called upon to advise the US on how to carry out its policy goals. In this report, entitled, \u2018Overextending and Unbalancing Russia, Assessing the Impact of Cost-Imposing Options\u2019, one of the many tactics listed is\u00a0\u201cProviding lethal aid to Ukraine\u201d<\/em>\u00a0in order to\u00a0\u201cexploit Russia\u2019s greatest point of external vulnerability.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

In short, there is no doubt that Russia has been threatened, and in a quite profound way, with concrete destabilizing efforts by the US, NATO and their extremist surrogates in Ukraine.\u00a0 Russia has been so threatened for a full eight years. And Russia has witnessed what such destabilizing efforts have meant for other countries, from Iraq to Afghanistan to Syria to Libya \u2013 that is, nearly a total annihilation of the country as a functioning nation-state.<\/p>\n

It is hard to conceive of a more pressing case for the need to act in defense of the nation. While the UN Charter prohibits unilateral acts of war, it also provides, in Article 51, that\u00a0\u201c[n]othing in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense… \u201d<\/em>\u00a0 And this right of self-defense\u00a0has been interpreted<\/a>\u00a0to permit countries to respond, not only to actual armed attacks, but also to the threat of imminent attack.<\/p>\n

In light of the above, it is my assessment that this right has been triggered in the instant case, and that Russia had a right to act in its own self-defense by intervening in Ukraine, which had become a proxy of the US and NATO for an assault \u2013 not only on Russian ethnics within Ukraine \u2013 but also upon Russia itself. A contrary conclusion would simply ignore the dire realities facing Russia.<\/p>\n

___
\nhttps:\/\/www.rt.com\/russia\/554166-international-law-military-operation-ukraine\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Daniel Kovalik: Why Russia’s intervention in Ukraine is legal under international law The argument can be made that Russia exercised its right for self-defense<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-113773","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113773","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=113773"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113773\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=113773"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=113773"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=113773"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}