{"id":124888,"date":"2022-07-17T10:32:45","date_gmt":"2022-07-17T14:32:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/?p=124888"},"modified":"2022-07-17T10:35:11","modified_gmt":"2022-07-17T14:35:11","slug":"how-the-conspiracy-theory-label-was-conceived-to-derail-the-truth-movement-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/?p=124888","title":{"rendered":"How the <em>&#8220;Conspiracy Theory&#8221;<\/em> label was conceived to derail the Truth Movement"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>The C.I.A. created the \u2018Conspiracy Theory&#8217;<br \/>\nmeme to shut down the Truth Movement<\/h1>\n<p><!--more--><a href=\"http:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/\">State of the Nation<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong>KEY POINT:<\/strong> Many &#8216;Conspiracy Theorists&#8217; are actually Conspiracy Realists.<br \/>\nThe very best among them are deeply experienced Investigative Journalists<br \/>\nand highly skilled Professional Researchers. \u00a0Others are greatly respected<br \/>\nHistorical Revisionists and University Professors. \u00a0Then there are those who<br \/>\nare lifelong Truth Seekers, Armchair Detectives and Citizen Reporters.\u00a0 In<br \/>\nthe aggregate they represent the <em>Fifth Estate<\/em>, many of whom contribute<br \/>\nprolifically to the <em>Alt Media<\/em>.\u00a0 See:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/cosmicconvergence.org\/?p=16644\">The Fifth Estate Casts Its Shadow Like a<br \/>\nMassive Mothership<\/a><\/h4>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>SOTN Editor&#8217;s Note:<\/strong><br \/>\nThe following essay on the &#8220;Conspiracy Theory&#8221; is perhaps the best ever to appear on the Internet. It clearly delineates the many subtleties and nuances by which the label <strong>&#8220;Conspiracy Theory&#8221;<\/strong> has been used to shut down honest public debate. It also shows how critical thinking on the part of the individual has been discouraged and mocked.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/conspiracy-theory.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-14955\" src=\"http:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/05\/conspiracy-theory.jpg\" alt=\"conspiracy-theory\" width=\"551\" height=\"380\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The various entities which colluded to conceive the label &#8212; <strong>&#8220;Conspiracy Theorist&#8221;<\/strong> &#8212; knew exactly what they were doing alright. They have been successful in effectively terminating the traversing trajectories of truth-seekers everywhere &#8230; over many decades. However, every actual conspiracy designed to deprive the people of the truth is always exposed sooner or later. That time is now!<\/p>\n<p>With the pervasiveness of the Internet throughout societies everywhere, the many once isolated &#8216;conspiracy theorists&#8217; are now able to collaborate with others of like mind as conspiracy realists. \u00a0In this way they are able to share their theses and theories about everything.\u00a0 Given this refreshing environment and new climate, the <a href=\"http:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/?p=14\">official 9\/11 Commission Report<\/a> has been proven to be a complete fabrication foisted by U.S. Federal Government on the American people. \u00a0So, too, has the JFK assassination been proven to be a <a href=\"http:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/?p=2613\">classic CIA Execution Plan<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>By inference, the research paper below lays bare a simple fact of life: that the <em>Mainstream Media<\/em> (MSM) is the single biggest disseminator of the many falsehoods regarding the <strong>&#8220;Conspiracy Theory&#8221;<\/strong><em>.\u00a0<\/em> As a matter of historical fact, the MSM has published countless false conspiracy theories with the explicit purpose of misleading the American people.\u00a0 The utterly ridiculous 9\/11 narrative fabricated by the US government as well as the absurd official explanation of President Kennedy&#8217;s murder are only two of numerous deliberate deceits.\u00a0 In the interest of protecting the system at all costs, anything that departs from the party line is now labeled a &#8216;conspiracy theory&#8217; by the MSM.<\/p>\n<p>At the end of the day, the MSM will be regarded as the most prolific purveyor of false conspiracy theories of all time (their utterly implausible 9\/11 conspiracy theory really takes the cake). \u00a0Yes, that time is surely upon us as many signs and events point directly to a fast-approaching day of reckoning.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/\">State of the Nation<br \/>\n<\/a>May 15, 2015<\/p>\n<p>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/themillenniumreport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/conspiracytheorist-660x413.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11149\" src=\"http:\/\/themillenniumreport.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/conspiracytheorist-660x413.jpg\" alt=\"conspiracytheorist-660x413\" width=\"660\" height=\"413\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h1><strong><em>Conspiracy Theories<\/em>: The Public Trust Skepticism Factor<\/strong><\/h1>\n<div class=\"entry\">\n<p><strong>By Katherine Smith, Ph.D.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cConspiracy\u201d is a real word for a real event that has existed in human societies in all cultures throughout human history. [Appendix A]<\/p>\n<p>The assassination of the President of the United States on national television by a \u201clone\u201d assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, who himself is assassinated the next day by another \u201clone\u201d assassin\u2014would cause even the most rational skeptic, or critical thinker, to question the institutional narrative of the events.[1]<\/p>\n<p>In other words, the institutional narrative, or official explanation, of a lone assassin, who was in turn assassinated the very next day by another lone assassin, is as epistemically dubious, and as equally \u201csilly and without merit,\u201d as any of the conspiracy theories surrounding the JFK assassination.<\/p>\n<p>The human species has evolved as pattern-seeking, cause-inferring animals. As such, our nature drives us to find meaningful relationships to understand the world. Conspiracy theories are offered as alternate explanation to an important social, political or economic event (henceforward, \u201cThe Event\u201d) when the institutional narrative is confusing or unsatisfactory.\u00a0\u00a0Conspiracy, originally a neutral term, has acquired a somewhat derogatory meaning since the mid sixties, for it implies a paranoid tendency to see the influence of some malign covert agency in certain events. Conspiracy theorizing has become commonplace in the mass media and emerged as a cultural phenomenon in the United States following the public assassination of JFK.<\/p>\n<p>Noam Chomsky, linguist and scholar, contrasts conspiracy theory as, more or less, the opposite of institutional analysis. The latter focuses mostly on explanations based on the information found in official records of publicly known institutions, whereas the former offers explanations based on information derived from coalitions of individuals.<\/p>\n<p>Most academics, or the rational community, find the conspiracy theories of popular culture to be silly and without merit, and automatically dismiss such alternative explanations as ridiculous, misconceived, unfounded, outlandish and the result of irrational thinking by paranoid schizophrenics. Some academics even contend that conspiracy theories \u201cundermine human social and civic decency in society.\u201d[2]<\/p>\n<p>However, on closer examination, academics can see, and are forced to admit, that there is no systemic flaw to the concept of the conspiracy theory per se, because 1) there have been at least\u00a0 <em>33 Conspiracy Theories That Turned Out To Be True and <\/em>2)\u00a0it is in the nature of many conspiracy theories that they cannot be falsified; that is, proven to be false.<\/p>\n<p>In <em>Of Conspiracy Theories<\/em>, Brian Keeley acknowledges this important point but then argues that it\u2019s not the theory that is the problem, but rather the theorist. The theorists, we are told, display a \u201cparticular absence or deformities of critical thinking skills when they refuse to accept the institutional explanation of The Event.\u201d He further wonders whether the problem lies in our teaching methods.[3]<\/p>\n<p>Keeley refers to the numerous historically verified conspiracy theories as Warranted Conspiracy Theories (WCTs), as opposed to theories that have not, or cannot, be verified and are thus, according to Keeley, Unwarranted Conspiracy Theories, (UCTs). When all the academic terminology, doublespeak and jargon are stripped away, a UCT is simply an alternative explanation of The Event that hasn\u2019t been verified by independent sources.[4]<\/p>\n<p>Keeley admits that he and the academic community have no justification to systematically and unilaterally dismiss conspiracy theories as silly and without merit when he writes:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cThere is no criterion or set of criteria that provide a priori grounds for distinguishing WCTs from UCTs. One might perhaps like to insist here that UCTs ought to be false, and this is why we are not warranted in believing them, but it is in the nature of many conspiracy theories that they cannot be falsified. The best we may do is show why the warrant for believing them is so poor.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>And the\u00a0best\u00a0he can show as to \u201cwhy the warrant for believing them is so poor\u201d is public trust skepticism.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cIt is this pervasive skepticism of people and public institutions entailed by some mature conspiracy theories which ultimately provides us with the grounds with which to identify them as unwarranted.<\/p>\n<p>It is not their lack of falsifiability per se, but a belief in an increasingly massive conspiracy theory that undermines the grounds for believing in anything. Accepting the UCT explanation requires one to question too many of the various institutions that have been set up to generate reliable data and evidence in our world.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>At some point, according to Keeley, we shall be forced to recognize the unwarranted nature of the conspiracy if we are to be left with any warranted explanations and beliefs at all.<\/p>\n<p>And finally, as the theory grows to include more and more people and institutions and yet remains unverified, the less plausible the conspiracy becomes; because, it stands to reason that, at some point, someone would have come forward with the missing and necessary data.<\/p>\n<p>Notice the words, \u201cwe shall be forced to recognize;\u201d rather than, \u201cwe have proof\u201d that the theory is false. Keeley admits that academics are entitled to dismiss a conspiracy theory if a belief in that alternative explanation undermines the grounds for believing in anything. Furthermore, we are entitled to dismiss a mature conspiracy if it involves too many people. Keeley\u2019s take on the JFK assassination mature conspiracy might read as follows:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Even if the CIA, FBI, Secret Service, Police Departments and Coroners offices in two cities, were part of a large conspiracy to cover up their incompetence in the public assassination of JFK, \u201cit is impossible to believe that not a single member of the any of the agencies involved would be moved by guilt, self-interest, or some other motivation to reveal the agency\u2019s role in the tragedy, if not to the press, then to a lover or family member. Governmental agencies, even those as regulated and controlled as the military and intelligence agencies, are plagued with leaks and rumors. To propose that an explosive secret could be closeted for any length of time simply reveals a lack of understanding of the nature of modern bureaucracies. Like the world itself, they are made up of too many people with too many different agendas to be easily controlled.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Keeley asserts that, \u201cwe do live in an open world, but only because to think otherwise would lead to disastrous skepticism.\u201d For Keeley, the theorists lack critical thinking skills because they don\u2019t recognize that a belief in a UCT invalidates every other social belief they need to function in society.<\/p>\n<p>In his attempt to prove the theorists are guilty of too much skepticism, Keeley overlooks the implications of\u00a0the nature, logistics and institutional narrative of The Event. Everything that can be shown to be true about the mature conspiracy theory\u2014unfalsiabiality, skepticism, epistemically dubious\u2014applies to the narrative of The Event.<\/p>\n<p>A close look at the JFK assassination mature conspiracy will illustrate my point.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The JFK Assassination: A mature conspiracy theory case study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Is the institutional narrative of the Oswald lone assassin theory, any more epistemically dubious, or any less \u201csilly and without merit,\u201d as the JFK tin-foil hat conspiracies?<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The CIA killed JFK; the Mob killed JFK; the CIA and the Mob working together killed JFK; last but not least, Fidel Castro contracted with the KGB to have JFK killed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Neither the institutional nor the conspiratorial explanation of the event is a warranted belief and should be dismissed on epistemic grounds. That is, there is sufficient reason to believe that the institutional view, just like the conspiratorial view, of the JFK assassination is false, yet neither view can be falsified.<\/p>\n<p>A conspiratorial explanation of the nature and logistics of The Event is really no more or less rational and logical as the institutional narrative. Thus, Keeley should have written:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cThere is no criterion or set of criteria that provide a priori grounds for distinguishing warranted conspiracy theories (WCTs) from UCTs\u00a0<em>or the Institutional View<\/em>.\u2019 One might perhaps like to insist here that warranted conspiracy theories, UCTs\u00a0<em>and the Institutional View <\/em>ought to be false<em>,<\/em> and this is why\u00a0<em>we are not warranted in believing in any of them<\/em>, but it is in the nature of many historical events that they cannot be falsified. The best we may do is show why the warrant for believing\u00a0<em>in either the conspiracy or the institutional explanation<\/em> is so poor.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Errant Data and The Conspiracy Theory Paradox<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>No discussion of conspiracy theories would be complete without a discussion of errant data. Anomalies and discrepancies surface immediately upon the announcement of The Event and increase as the conspiracy matures. Errant data, or data that cannot be reconciled with the official explanation of the event, is the\u00a0chief tool of the conspiracy theorist.<\/p>\n<p>Again, the JFK Assassination illustrates my point. The rational community ignores the details of the rifle, the bullet and the witnesses who heard other shots from other directions (errant data) on the grounds that there is no reliable way to gather social data, as opposed to scientific, data about the human world.[5]<\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, when pressed, people will be ready to admit that the anomalies and inconsistencies (errant data) in the institutional view could never be chance occurrences. They escape the obvious improbability question by correctly pointing out that the errant data, even if true, does not constitute proof of anything, especially that the event was a conspiracy.<\/p>\n<p>Related to errant data is what we shall refer to as the Conspiracy Theory Paradox.<\/p>\n<p>Why would the conspirators, with the ability to plan and manage a conspiracy involving the CIA, FBI, Secret Service, Police Departments and Coroners offices in two cities (e.g., the JFK assassination), come up with such a convoluted senseless plan riddled with so many mistakes, anomalies and discrepancies (errant data)?\u00a0\u00a0And then, inexplicably, that same errant data is ubiquitously exposed in the media for everyone to question.[6]<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Neither the rational nor the conspiracy community have an explanation for why the conspirators would come up with such a convoluted senseless plan when a much simpler plan would accomplish the same goal. Why not have a rogue agent, in the CIA, FBI or Secret Service shoot the president in the middle of the night?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Neither the rational nor the conspiracy community have an explanation for why the conspirators would allow the mistakes, anomalies, discrepancies and the holes in the \u201cofficial story\u201d (errant data)\u00a0to find it\u2019s way into the official institutional record and then allow that same data to be aired on national television for all to question.[7]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Neither the rational nor the conspiracy community have an explanation for how trivial it would have been for the conspirators to change or falsify the alleged discrepancy or anomaly and avoid the stupid \u201cmistakes.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0Consider how easy it would for the master criminals to just keep the Errant Data from being aired on national television compared to the magnitude of the criminal acts they are alleged to have committed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Although the existence of a Paradox or Errant Data could never be offered as proof that the Event was a conspiracy, they are none the less consistent, though not proof, with a conspiracy to make you believe the event was a conspiracy.[8]<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Critical Thinking Trap<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Theorists, believing themselves to be truth seekers in assessing the nature, logistics and the institutional explanation of The Event classified as a UCT, are forced into a contradictory belief, or \u201ccritical thinking trap.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Unwilling to abandon what they know to be the truth; that is, that the institutional view is false,[9] theorists are forced into a degenerative research program. A degenerative research program is one where the auxiliary hypotheses and initial conditions are continually modified in light of new evidence in order to protect the original theory from apparent disconfirmation.[10]<\/p>\n<p>Why doesn\u2019t everyone fall into the \u201ccritical thinking trap?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The majority of people exposed to \u201cThe Event classified as a UCT,\u201d are apathetic, indifferent and feel powerless because of a belief that the power elite control the world.[11]<\/p>\n<p>The rational community, or anyone who is not a theorists or indifferent, consciously or unconsciously realizes the institutional view cannot be true; but at the same time, again consciously or unconsciously, realize that any alternate explanation or theory would require they question the very foundations of their beliefs about the society they live in.[12]<\/p>\n<p>In \u201cOf Conspiracy Theories\u201d Keeley begins with the premise that the theorists are the problem but ends with the admission that\u00a0until a third option\u00a0is presented, the theorists are really only guilty of hyper-skepticism (inherent in supposing dissimulation on a truly massive scale) because the theorists are unable to see that distrusting the claims of our institutions leads to \u201cthe absurdism of an irrational and essentially meaningless world.\u201d[13]<\/p>\n<p>When the rational community resort to ad hominem attacks, i.e., conspiracy theories are \u201csilly, without merit\u201d or the result of irrational thinking by paranoid schizophrenics, they reveal how large a role trust\u2014in both institutions and individuals, mechanisms and people \u2014plays in their thinking and beliefs about UCTs.<\/p>\n<p>What can we say about the institutional narrative, the Conspiracy Theory Paradox and the Errant Data? The Theorists are really only guilty of not recognizing the institutional narrative, the Conspiracy Theory Paradox and the Errant Data are consistent with, but not necessarily proof, of <em>a Conspiracy to make you believe the event was a Conspiracy.<\/em>[14]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Footnotes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1]\u00a0Is there any justification for a belief that the Warren Commission properly investigated the assassination of JFK when they concluded Oswald acted alone when he used a heavily oiled cheap rifle with a distorted sight, hidden in a paper sack later discovered on the sixth floor without a trace of oil, for his miraculous feat of marksmanship with extraordinary accuracy at a moving target in minimal time?<\/p>\n<p>The Warren Commission when faced with the impossibility of the shooting came up with the single bullet theory:<\/p>\n<p>The Warren Commission reported that a single bullet hit Kennedy in the back of the neck and exited from the throat just below the Adam\u2019s apple, and that same bullet entered Gov John B. Connally\u2019s back, exited from his chest, went completely through his right wrist, and lodged in his left thigh.<\/p>\n<p>Or is there any justification for a belief the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) properly investigated the assassination of JFK when they concluded in 1978 that \u201cthe original FBI investigation and the Warren Commission Report to be seriously flawed and that there were at least four shots fired and only three of which could be linked to Oswald. The report concluded that the \u201cCIA, the Soviet Union, organized crime, and several other groups were not involved,\u201d but \u201cthey could not rule out the involvement of individual members of those groups.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[2] Stephen Jay Gould, the Evolutionary Theorist at Harvard University considers conspiracy theorizing \u201cgarbage\u201d and believes they must be \u201cdiscredited [\/debunked] in order for society to lead \u201ca safe and sane life.\u201d Gould believes we are vulnerable \u201cthinking reeds,\u201d as opposed to rational creatures, and that unless \u201cwe rigorously use human reason, we will lose out to frightening forces of irrationality, romanticism, uncompromising \u201ctrue\u201d belief which will result in the inevitability of mob action.<\/p>\n<p>[3] An article, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/links.jstor.org\/sici?sici=0022-362X%28199903%2996%3A3%3C109%3AOCT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E\">Of Conspiracy Theories<\/a>,\u201d written by Brian Keeley and published in the\u00a0Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 96, No. 3. (Mar., 1999) attempts to explain why so many people refuse to accept the institutional view he wonders if \u201cour approach to teaching thinking\/reason skills\u201d is the problem that cause so many members of society (The Irrational Thinkers) to believe in them.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Keeley writes:<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt is incumbent upon philosophers to provide analysis of the errors involved with common delusions, if that is indeed what they are. If a kind of academic snobbishness underlies our previous refusal to get involved here, there may be another reason. Conspiracy theorizing, in political philosophy at least, has been identified with irrationality of the worst sort\u2014here the locus classicus may be some dismissive remarks made by Karl Popper in The Open Society and its Enemies (Popper 1996, Vol.2: 94-9). Pigden (1993) shows convincingly that Popper\u2019s remarks cannot be taken to support a rational presumption against conspiracy theories in history and politics. (summary: Keeley rejects Popper, and this causes a change.)<\/p>\n<p>[4] <strong>Unwarranted Conspiracy Theories\u00a0 (UCTs) and Warranted Conspiracy Theories (WCTs)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Characteristics of Unwarranted Conspiracy Theories (UCTs)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>A UCT is an explanation that runs counter to some received, official, or \u201cobvious\u201d account\u2019 (116-7). In many instances there exists the presence of a \u201ccover story\u201d that is perceived as the most damning piece of evidence for the given historical event under consideration.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li>UCTs typically seek to tie together seemingly unrelated events and because Conspiracy Theorists rarely if ever have a coherent beginning-to-end narrative of what they think happened, many of their theories wind up laying the blame on some other force; e.g., the Illuminati.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li>\u2018The chief tool of the Conspiracy Theorist is errant data, or anomalies and discrepancies in information. Keeley defines errant data as data that cannot be reconciled with the official explanation of the event; or data, which true, would tend to contradict official explanations and support the cover story.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Characteristics of Unwarranted Conspiracy Theorists<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>The Fundamental Attribution Error. Conspiracy Theorists have a tendency to focus on errant data and are prone to making what Keeley refers to as the\u00a0 \u201cfundamental attribution error.\u201d The \u201cfundamental attribution error\u201d is the idea that all UCTs can be reduced to a supposed discrepancy or anomaly in one official record or another.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li>The Degenerative Research Program. Conspiracy Theorists exhibit irrational behavior when their theories take on the appearance of forming the core of a degenerative research program.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li>Dispositional versus Situational. Conspiracy Theorists severely overestimate the importance of dispositional factors while underestimating the importance of situational factors when attempting to explain the Conspiracy event.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>[5] Errant Data, [anomalies and inconsistencies] which are unaccounted for by official [Institutional] explanations, which if true, would tend to contradict official explanations,\u00a0 cannot be relied upon, because while it is appropriate to place great stress on explaining errant data in the natural sciences, it is inappropriate in the social sciences. [citation]<\/p>\n<p>Errant data is only errant in relation to an accepted theory, and to discount errant data on grounds that apply to both errant and non-errant data would be to prejudice oneself in favor of data simply because it happens to be explained by the received theory.<\/p>\n<p>[6] At bottom what we face here is what we might term Goodenough\u2019s Paradox of Conspiracies: the larger or more powerful an alleged conspiracy, the less need they have for conspiring. A sufficiently large collection of members of the American political, intelligence and military establishment\u2014the kind of conspiracy being alleged by Oliver Stone et al.\u2014wouldn\u2019t need to engage in such nefarious activity since they would have the kind of organisation, influence, access to information, etc. that could enable them to achieve their goal efficiently and legally.<\/p>\n<p>Note the existence of the paradox while it favors the Rational community is not proof the institutional view is correct.\u00a0 The fact that Theorists have no rational explanation of why the conspirators would make so many stupid mistakes reminds me of one of the central arguments of why nature does not imply design. Evolutionists dismiss the design (Intelligent Design) argument for nature because they question the design of the human eye.<\/p>\n<p>[7] \u2018The chief tool of the Conspiracy Theorist is errant data, or anomalies and discrepancies in information. Keeley defines errant data as data that cannot be reconciled with the official explanation of the event; or data, which true, would tend to contradict official explanations and support the cover story.<\/p>\n<p>For example the JFK Assassination.<\/p>\n<p>The rational community will knowingly ignore the details of the rifle, the bullet and the witnesses who heard other shots from other directions [errant data] and point out that while a Conspiracy Theory has epistemic value and does provide a unifying explanation of the event and the errant data, there is no reliable way to gather social data, as opposed to scientific, data about the human world.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Errant Data, [anomalies and inconsistencies] which are unaccounted for by official [Institutional] explanations, which if true, would tend to contradict official explanations,\u00a0 cannot be relied upon, because while it is appropriate to place great stress on explaining errant data in the natural sciences, it is inappropriate in the social sciences. [citation]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Errant data is only errant in relation to an accepted theory, and to discount errant data on grounds that apply to both errant and non-errant data would be to prejudice oneself in favor of data simply because it happens to be explained by the received theory.<\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, they will admit that the anomalies and inconsistencies [errant data] in the Institutional view could never be chance occurrences but at the same time they correctly point out the errant data does not constitute proof of anything, especially that the event was a conspiracy.<\/p>\n<p>[8]<strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/stateofthenation2012.com\/?p=9942\">Is there any doubt that \u201cthere is a conspiracy to make you believe in a conspiracy\u201d?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thepeoplesvoice.org\/TPV3\/Voices.php\/2013\/11\/24\/the-jfk-conspiracy-theory-paradox\">The JFK Conspiracy Theory Paradox<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[9] In 1978 the House Select Committee on Assassinations concluded in a preliminary report that Kennedy was \u201cprobably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy\u201d that may have involved multiple shooters and organized crime.<\/p>\n<p>[10] A progressive research program is where \u201cnovel predictions and retrodictions are verified.<\/p>\n<p>What I have demonstrated is that there is no justification for a belief in either the Institutional view or the Conspiratorial View of a UCT.<em> Critical thinking skills on the part of the Theorists force them into a degenerative research program. Critical thinking skills on the part of the Rational Community are used to avoid a degenerative research program.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>[11]<strong> Conspiracy and the Social Sciences<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere Are No Conspiracies\u201d by G. William Domhoff in 2005 looks at Conspiracy Theories and the Power Elite from a social science perspective. [as opposed to the philosophical] G. William Domhoff, a Research Professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz first coined the non-conspiracy acronym TPTB. He received his Ph.D. at the University of Miami and has been teaching at the University of California, Santa Cruz, since 1965. Four of his books are among the top 50 best sellers in sociology on the Power Elite Theory for the years 1950 to 1995: Who Rules America? (1967); The Higher Circles (1970); Who Rules America Now? (1983); and the non-\u201cconspiracy\u201d critique and theory of the U.S. power structure, The Powers That Be (TPTB) in 1979.<\/p>\n<p>The Power Elite theory, despite a superficial resemblance to some right-wing conspiracy theories, has key differences from them. The latter take, as the primary motive force of history, that \u201cAmerica is ruled from behind the scenes by a select conspiratorial group with secret desires united around some esoteric or gratuitously evil ideology.<\/p>\n<p>And while the concentration of political and economic power [in the control of small, interlocking elites], is indeed likely to result in sporadic conspiracies; such a conspiracy is not necessary to the working of the system\u2013it 1) simply occurs as a secondary phenomenon, and 2) occasionally speeds up or intensifies processes that happen for the most part automatically.<\/p>\n<p>[12] The confidence in authorities would be so eroded that they are no longer warranted in holding any beliefs that are socially produced and puts one in the position of no longer being able to trust any of the institutions that we rely on in to function in the world. (Keeley 1999, 121). Such epistemic endpoints appear to embody a degree of skepticism that is too high to be acceptable by anyone.\u201d Brian Keeley<\/p>\n<p>[13] The rejection of conspiracy thinking is not simply based on the belief that conspiracy theories are false as a matter of fact. The source of the problem goes much deeper. The world as we understand it today is made up of an extremely large number of interacting agents, each with it\u2019s own imperfect view of the world and it\u2019s own set of goals. Such a system cannot be controlled because there are simply too many agents to be handled by any small controlling group. There are too many independent degrees of freedom. \u00a0This is true of the economy, of the political electorate, and of the social, fact-gathering institutions upon which conspiracy theorists cast doubt.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[14] <strong>The Transparent Conspiracy\u00a0is <\/strong>a collection of essays by Michael Morrisey. Morrisey, who holds a Ph.D. in linguistics from Cornell University, expands on the idea that the leaders (conspirators) \u201cfailed on purpose\u201d and coined the phrase the \u201cMass Psychology of Partial Disclosure.\u201d Morrisey makes a compelling argument that there exists a conspiracy that involves the controlled media disclosing a limited amount of information concerning the government\u2019s culpability in atrocities such as the JFK, MLK and RFK assassinations.\u00a0 Morrisey believes a shadow government orchestrates a well-managed conspiracy\/cover-up in order to intimidate, demoralize and alienate the tuned-in segment of the population that fully comprehends the corrupt nature of our government institutions.<\/p>\n<p>The government\u2019s purpose, according to Morrisey, is to keep the masses in a state of helplessness so they will be unable to upset the not-so-secret plans for what is referred to as for a <em>New World Order<\/em>. While his arguments are persuasive revisionist History contradicts any justification that the masses need to be kept in a state of helplessness. All of the Revolutions have shown to be the product of the elite and not the popular uprisings we were let to believe in our filtered history books.<\/p>\n<p>Appendix A<\/p>\n<p>A Short Course in \u201cConspiracy Science.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cConspiracy\u201d is a REAL word for a REAL act that has existed in human societies in all cultures throughout human history. If conspiracies did not exist, we would not have a word for it. The problem that we face today is that the US Government has arrogated to itself a singular role as a political pontificate that believes that it and its agents in the Justice Department, alone, constitute the only \u201cperson\u201d (corporate person) on this Earth who is allowed to use the word \u201cconspiracy\u201d as it employs the charge of \u201cconspiracy\u201d every week in trials to put both guilty and innocent people in jail while deriding and discrediting all others who employ the word as \u201cconspiracy theorists.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>World-renowned author, investigator and philosopher, Paris Flammonde, has also completed a major work, \u201cThe Assassination of America,\u201d a rebuttal to the lies and disinformation of the Warren Commission Report and the House Select Committee Investigation on Political Assassinations conducted during the Carter Administration.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The C.I.A. created the \u2018Conspiracy Theory&#8217; meme to shut down the Truth Movement<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-124888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124888","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=124888"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/124888\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=124888"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=124888"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=124888"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}