{"id":49306,"date":"2021-01-22T09:58:20","date_gmt":"2021-01-22T13:58:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/?p=49306"},"modified":"2021-01-22T09:58:20","modified_gmt":"2021-01-22T13:58:20","slug":"every-american-needs-to-know-about-operation-trust-in-2021","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/?p=49306","title":{"rendered":"Every American Needs to Know About “Operation Trust” in 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"

Operation Trust<\/h1>\n
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This article includes a list of general\u00a0references<\/a>, but it remains largely unverified because\u00a0it lacks sufficient corresponding\u00a0inline citations<\/a><\/b>.\u00a0Please help to\u00a0improve<\/a>\u00a0this article by\u00a0introducing<\/a>\u00a0more precise citations.<\/span>\u00a0(January 2016<\/span>)<\/i><\/small>\u00a0(Learn how and when to remove this template message<\/a>)<\/i><\/small><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Operation Trust<\/b>\u00a0(\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f “\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442”[1]<\/a><\/sup>) was a\u00a0counterintelligence<\/a>\u00a0operation of the\u00a0State Political Directorate<\/a>\u00a0(GPU) of the\u00a0Soviet Union<\/a>. The operation, which was set up by GPU’s predecessor\u00a0Cheka<\/a>, ran from 1921 to 1926, set up a fake anti-Bolshevik<\/a>\u00a0resistance organization,\u00a0“Monarchist Union of Central Russia”<\/i>, MUCR (\u041c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u041c\u041e\u0426\u0420), in order to help the OGPU identify real monarchists and anti-Bolsheviks. The created\u00a0front company<\/a>\u00a0was called the\u00a0Moscow Municipal Credit Association<\/b>.[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

The head of the MUCR was Alexander Yakushev (\u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u042f\u043a\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432), a former\u00a0bureaucrat<\/a>\u00a0of the Ministry of Communications of\u00a0Imperial Russia<\/a>, who after the\u00a0Russian Revolution<\/a>\u00a0joined the\u00a0Narkomat<\/a>\u00a0of External Trade (\u041d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438), when the Soviets began to allow the former specialists (called “spetsy”,\u00a0Russian<\/a>:\u00a0\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u044b<\/span>) to resume the positions of their expertise. This position allowed him to travel abroad and contact\u00a0Russian emigrants<\/a>.<\/p>\n

MUCR kept the monarchist general\u00a0Alexander Kutepov<\/a>\u00a0(\u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440 \u041a\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0432) from active actions, as he was convinced to wait for the development of internal anti-Bolshevik forces. Kutepov had previously believed in militant action as a solution to the Soviet occupation, and had formed the “combat organization”, a militant splinter from the\u00a0Russian All-Military Union<\/a>\u00a0(Russian<\/a>:\u00a0\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0435-\u0412\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437<\/span>, Russkiy ObshcheVoinskiy Soyuz) led by General Baron\u00a0Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel<\/a>.[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Kutepov also created the\u00a0Inner Line<\/a>\u00a0as a counter-intelligence organization to prevent Bolshevik penetrations. It caused the\u00a0Cheka<\/a>\u00a0some problems but was not overly successful.<\/p>\n

Among the successes of Trust was the luring of\u00a0Boris Savinkov<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Sidney Reilly<\/a>\u00a0into the\u00a0Soviet Union<\/a>, where they were captured.<\/p>\n

The Soviets did not organize Trust from scratch. The\u00a0White Army<\/a>\u00a0had left\u00a0sleeper agents<\/a>, and there were also Royalist Russians who did not leave after the Civil War. These people cooperated to the point of having a loose organizational structure. When the OGPU discovered them, they did not liquidate all of them, but manoeuvred into creating a shell organization for their own use.<\/p>\n

Still another episode of the operation was an “illegal” trip (in fact, monitored by OGPU) of a notable \u00e9migr\u00e9,\u00a0Vasily Shulgin<\/a>, into the Soviet Union. After his return he published a book\u00a0“Three Capitals”<\/i>\u00a0with his impressions. In the book he wrote, in part, that contrary to his expectations, Russia was reviving, and the\u00a0Bolsheviks<\/a>\u00a0would probably be removed from power.<\/p>\n

The one Western historian who had limited access to the Trust files,\u00a0John Costello<\/a>, reported that they comprised thirty-seven volumes and were such a bewildering welter of double-agents, changed code names, and interlocking deception operations with “the complexity of a symphonic score”, that Russian historians from the Intelligence Service had difficulty separating fact from fantasy.<\/p>\n

Defector\u00a0Vasili Mitrokhin<\/a>\u00a0reported that the Trust files were not housed at the\u00a0SVR<\/a>\u00a0offices in\u00a0Yasenevo<\/a>, but were kept in the special archival collections (spetsfondi<\/i>) of the\u00a0FSB<\/a>\u00a0at the\u00a0Lubyanka<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In 1967 a Soviet adventure TV series\u00a0Operation Trust<\/i>\u00a0(\u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f “\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442”<\/i>) was created.[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

See also<\/span>[<\/span>edit<\/a>]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n