{"id":120641,"date":"2022-06-16T14:23:44","date_gmt":"2022-06-16T18:23:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/?p=120641"},"modified":"2022-06-16T14:23:44","modified_gmt":"2022-06-16T18:23:44","slug":"do-psychiatric-meds-and-war-games-lead-to-mass-shootings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/?p=120641","title":{"rendered":"Do Psychiatric Meds and War Games Lead to Mass Shootings?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--more-->Analysis by Dr. Joseph Mercola<\/p>\n<p>Matt Walsh has been trying to get transgender gurus to tell him what a woman is.<\/p>\n<div id=\"bcr_UpdPnlStory\">\n<div id=\"bcr_pnlStoryAtAGlance\" class=\"story-glance\" data-swiftype-name=\"saag\" data-swiftype-type=\"text\">\n<div class=\"story-highlights\">\n<h3 id=\"expanderHead\" data-jsid=\"expanderHead\">STORY AT-A-GLANCE<\/h3>\n<div id=\"expanderContent\" data-jsid=\"expanderContent\">\n<ul>\n<li><span id=\"bcr_rptStory_cslStory_0\">While many have bought into the simplistic idea that availability of firearms is the cause of mass shootings, a number of experts have pointed out a more uncomfortable truth, which is that mass shootings are far more likely the result of how we\u2019ve been mistreating mental illness, depression and behavioral problems<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"bcr_rptStory_cslStory_1\">Gun control legislation has shown that law-abiding Americans who own guns are not the problem, because the more gun control laws that have been passed, the more mass shootings have occurred<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"bcr_rptStory_cslStory_2\">97.8% of mass shootings occur in \u201cgun-free zones,\u201d as the perpetrators know legally armed citizens won\u2019t be there to stop them<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"bcr_rptStory_cslStory_3\">Depression per se rarely results in violence. Only after antidepressants became commonplace did mass shootings really take off, and many mass shooters have been shown to be on antidepressants<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span id=\"bcr_rptStory_cslStory_4\">Antidepressants, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are well-known for their ability to cause suicidal and homicidal ideation and violence<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bodytext\" class=\"bodytextdiv\" data-swiftype-name=\"postbody\" data-swiftype-type=\"text\">\n<p>While many have bought into the simplistic idea that availability of firearms is the cause of mass shootings, a number of experts have pointed out a more uncomfortable truth, which is that mass shootings are far more likely the result of how we\u2019ve been mistreating mental illness, depression and behavioral problems.<\/p>\n<p>An article written by Molly Carter, initially published on ammo.com at an unknown date<sup><span id=\"edn1\" data-hash=\"#ednref1\">1<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0and subsequently republished by The Libertarian Institute in May 2019,<sup><span id=\"edn2\" data-hash=\"#ednref2\">2<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0and psychreg.org in late January 2021,<sup><span id=\"edn3\" data-hash=\"#ednref3\">3<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0noted:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u201cAccording to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), a mass murder occurs when at least four people are murdered, not including the shooter &#8230; during a single incident &#8230;<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><em>Seemingly every time a mass shooting occurs &#8230; the anti-gun media and politicians have a knee-jerk response \u2014 they blame the tragedy solely on the tool used, namely firearms, and focus all of their proposed \u2018solutions\u2019 on more laws, ignoring that the murderer already broke numerous laws when they committed their atrocity.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><em>Facts matter when addressing such an emotionally charged topic, and more gun control legislation has shown that law-abiding Americans who own guns are NOT the problem. Consider the following: The more gun control laws that are passed, the more mass murders have occurred.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><em>Whether or not this is correlation or causation is debatable. What is not debatable is that this sick phenomenon of mass murderers targeting \u2018gun-free zones,\u2019 where they know civilian carry isn\u2019t available to law-abiding Americans, is happening.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote>\n<div class=\"MidProductAd\"><\/div>\n<p><em>According to the Crime Prevention Research Center,<sup><span id=\"edn4\" data-hash=\"#ednref4\">4<\/span><\/sup>\u00a097.8% of public shootings occur in \u2018gun-free zones\u2019 \u2013 and \u2018gun-free zones\u2019 are the epitome of the core philosophical tenet of gun control, that laws are all the defense one needs against violence &#8230;<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><em>This debate leads them away from the elephant in the room and one of the real issues behind mass shootings \u2014 mental health and prescription drugs.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><em>Ignoring what\u2019s going on in the heads of these psychopaths not only allows mass shootings to continue, it leads to misguided gun control laws that violate the Second Amendment and negate the rights of law-abiding U.S. citizens.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><em>As Jeff Snyder put it in The Washington Times: \u2018But to ban guns because criminals use them is to tell the innocent and law-abiding that their rights and liberties depend not on their own conduct, but on the conduct of the guilty and the lawless, and that the law will permit them to have only such rights and liberties as the lawless will allow.\u2019\u201d<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>The Elephant in the Room: Antidepressants<\/h2>\n<p>Thoughts, emotions and a variety of environmental factors play into the manifestation of violence, but mental illness by itself cannot account for the massive rise in mass murder \u2014 unless you include antidepressants in the equation. Yet even when mental health does enter the mass shooter discussion, the issue of antidepressants, specifically, is rarely mentioned.<\/p>\n<p>The fact is, depression per se rarely results in violence. Only after antidepressants became commonplace did mass shootings take off, and many mass shooters have been shown to be on antidepressants.<\/p>\n<p>Prozac, released in 1987, was the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) to be approved for depression and anxiety. Only two years earlier, direct-to-consumer advertising had been legalized. In the mid-1990s, the Food and Drug Administration loosened regulations, direct-to-consumer ads for SSRIs exploded and, with it, prescriptions for SSRIs.<\/p>\n<p>In 1989, just two years after Prozac came to market, Joseph Wesbecker shot 20 of his coworkers, killing nine. He had been on Prozac for one month, and the survivors of the drug-induced attack sued Eli Lilly, the maker of Prozac. Since then, antidepressant use and mass shootings have both risen, more or less in tandem.<\/p>\n<p>In the two decades between 1988 and 2008, antidepressant use in the U.S. rose by 400%,<sup><span id=\"edn5\" data-hash=\"#ednref5\">5<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0and by 2010, 11% of the U.S. population over the age of 12 were on an antidepressant prescription.<sup><span id=\"edn6\" data-hash=\"#ednref6\">6<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>In 1982, pre-Prozac, there was one mass shooting in the U.S.<sup><span id=\"edn7\" data-hash=\"#ednref7\">7<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0In 1984, there were two incidents and in 1986 \u2014 the year Prozac was released \u2014 there was one. One to three mass shootings per year remained the norm up until 1999, when it jumped to five.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"takeaway tamiddle\">How can we possibly ignore the connection between rampant use of drugs known to directly cause violent behavior and the rise in mass shootings?<\/aside>\n<p>Another jump took place in 2012, when there were seven mass shootings. And while the annual count has gone up and down from year to year, there\u2019s been a clear trend of an increased number of mass shootings post-2012. Over time, mass shootings have also gotten larger, with more people getting injured or killed per incident.<sup><span id=\"edn8\" data-hash=\"#ednref8\">8<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>How can we possibly ignore the connection between rampant use of drugs known to directly cause violent behavior and the rise in mass shootings? Suicidal ideation, violence and homicidal ideation are all known side effects of these drugs. Sometimes, the drugs disrupt brain function so dramatically the perpetrator can\u2019t even remember what they did.<\/p>\n<p>For example, in 2001, a 16-year-old high schooler was prescribed Effexor, starting off at 40 milligrams and moving up to 300 mg over the course of three weeks. On the first day of taking a 300-mg dose, the boy woke up with a headache, decided to skip school and went back to bed.<\/p>\n<p>Some time later, he got up, took a rifle to his high school and held 23 classmates hostage at gunpoint. He later claimed he had no recollection of anything that happened after he went back to bed that morning.<sup><span id=\"edn9\" data-hash=\"#ednref9\">9<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<div class=\"productad\"><\/div>\n<h2>The Risks Are Clear<\/h2>\n<p>The risks of psychiatric disturbances are so clear, ever since mid-October 2004, all antidepressants in the U.S. must include a black box warning that the drug can cause suicidal thoughts and behaviors, especially in those younger than 25, and that:<sup><span id=\"edn10\" data-hash=\"#ednref10\">10<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u201cAnxiety, agitation, panic attacks, insomnia, irritability, hostility (aggressiveness), impulsivity, akathisia (psychomotor restlessness), hypomania, and mania have been reported in adult and pediatric patients being treated with antidepressants for major depressive disorder as well as for other indications, both psychiatric and nonpsychiatric.\u201d<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>SSRIs can also cause emotional blunting and detachment, such that patients report \u201cnot feeling\u201d or \u201cnot caring\u201d about anything or anyone, as well as psychosis and hallucinations. All of these side effects can contribute to someone acting out an unthinkable violent crime.<\/p>\n<p>In one review<sup><span id=\"edn11\" data-hash=\"#ednref11\">11<\/span>,<span id=\"edn12\" data-hash=\"#ednref12\">12<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0of 484 drugs in the FDA\u2019s database, 31 were found to account for 78.8% of all cases of violence against others, and 11 of those drugs were antidepressants.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers concluded that violence against others was a \u201cgenuine and serious adverse drug event\u201d and that of the drugs analyzed, SSRI antidepressants and the smoking cessation medication, varenicline (Chantix), had the strongest associations. The top-five most dangerous SSRIs were:<sup><span id=\"edn13\" data-hash=\"#ednref13\">13<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fluoxetine (Prozac), which increased aggressive behavior 10.9 times<\/li>\n<li>Paroxetine (Paxil), which increased violent behavior 10.3 times<\/li>\n<li>Fluvoxamine (Luvox), which increased violent behavior 8.4 times<\/li>\n<li>Venlafaxine (Effexor), which increased violent behavior 8.3 times<\/li>\n<li>Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), which increased violent behavior 7.9 times<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Depression Is Vastly Overdiagnosed<\/h2>\n<p>In her article, Carter also reviewed the clinical determinants for a diagnosis of clinical depression warranting medication. To qualify, you must experience five or more of the following symptoms, most of the day, every day, for two weeks or more, and the symptoms must be severe enough to interfere with normal everyday functioning:<sup><span id=\"edn14\" data-hash=\"#ednref14\">14<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<table class=\"generic-table left-align\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">Sadness<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">Anxiety<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">Feeling hopeless<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">Feeling worthless<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">Feeling helpless<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">Feeling \u2019empty\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">Feeling guilty<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">Irritable<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">Fatigue<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">Lack of energy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">Loss of interest in hobbies<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">Slow talking and moving<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">Restlessness<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">Trouble concentrating<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">Abnormal sleep patterns, whether sleeping too much or not enough<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\">Abnormal weight changes, either eating too much or having no appetite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\">Thoughts of death or suicide<\/td>\n<td class=\"hide-mobile\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The reality is that a majority of patients who receive a depression diagnosis and subsequent prescription for an antidepressant do not, in fact, qualify. In one study,<sup><span id=\"edn15\" data-hash=\"#ednref15\">15<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0only 38.4% actually met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria, and among older adults, that ratio was even lower. Only 14.3% of those aged 65 and older met the diagnostic criteria. According to the authors:<sup><span id=\"edn16\" data-hash=\"#ednref16\">16<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u201cParticipants who did not meet the 12-month MDE criteria reported less distress and impairment in role functioning and used fewer services. A majority of both groups, however, were prescribed and used psychiatric medications.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><em>Conclusion: Depression overdiagnosis and overtreatment is common in community settings in the USA. There is a need for improved targeting of diagnosis and treatments of depression and other mental disorders in these settings.\u201d<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>What Role Might War Games Play?<\/h2>\n<div class=\"video-rwd\">\n<figure class=\"op-interactive aspect-ratio\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"iFrameResizer0\" class=\" mlazyloaded\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/WV54txlBPaw?wmode=transparent&amp;rel=0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mlazyload-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/WV54txlBPaw?wmode=transparent&amp;rel=0\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>Aside from antidepressants, another factor that gets ignored is the influence of shooting simulations, i.e., violent video games. How does the military train soldiers for war? Through simulations. With the proliferation of video games involving indiscriminate violence, should we really be surprised when this \u201ctraining\u201d is then put into practice?<\/p>\n<p>As reported by World Bank Blogs, young men who experience violence \u201coften struggle to reintegrate peacefully into their communities\u201d when hostilities end.<sup><span id=\"edn17\" data-hash=\"#ednref17\">17<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0While American youth typically have little experience with real-world war, simulated war games do occupy much of their time and may over time color their everyday perceptions of life. As noted by Centrical, some of the top benefits of simulations training include:<sup><span id=\"edn18\" data-hash=\"#ednref18\">18<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Allowing you to practice genuine real-life scenarios and responses<\/li>\n<li>Repetition of content, which boosts knowledge retention<\/li>\n<li>Personalization and diversification, so you can learn from your mistakes and evaluate your performance, thereby achieving a deeper level of learning<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In short, violent mass shooter games are the perfect training platform for future mass shooters. Whereas a teenager without such exposure might not be very successful at carrying out a mass shooting due to inexperience with weapons and tactics, one who has spent many hours, years even, training in simulations could have knowledge akin to that of military personnel.<\/p>\n<p>Add antidepressant side effects such as emotional blunting and loss of impulse control, and you have a perfect prescription for a mass casualty event.<\/p>\n<p>On top of that, we, as a nation, also demonstrate the \u201crighteousness\u201d of war by engaging in them without end.<sup><span id=\"edn19\" data-hash=\"#ednref19\">19<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0When was the last time the U.S. was not at war someplace? It\u2019s been ongoing for decades.<\/p>\n<p>Even now, the U.S. insists on inserting itself into the dispute between Russia and Ukraine, and diplomacy isn\u2019t the chosen conflict resolution tool. Sending weapons to Ukraine and calling for more violence against Russians are. Sen. Lindsey Graham has even called for the assassination of Russian President Vladimir Putin. Showing just how serious such a suggestion is, the White House had to publicly disavow it, stating Graham\u2019s comment \u201cis not the position of the U.S. government.\u201d<sup><span id=\"edn20\" data-hash=\"#ednref20\">20<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Graham, meanwhile, does not appear to understand how his nonchalant call for murder might actually incite murder. In the wake of the Uvalde school shooting, he now wants to mobilize retired service members to enhance security at schools, and while that might be a good idea, how about also vowing never to call for the murder of political opponents? Don\u2019t politicians understand that this could translate into some kid thinking it\u2019s acceptable to murder THEIR perceived opponents?<\/p>\n<p>As far as I can tell, mass shootings have far more to do with societal norms, dangerous medications, a lack of high-quality mental health services, and the normalization of violence through entertainment and in politics, than it does with gun laws per se.<\/p>\n<p>There are likely many other factors as well, but these are clearly observable phenomena known to nurture violent behavior. I\u2019m afraid Americans are in need of a far deeper and more introspective analysis of the problem than many are capable of at the moment. But those who can should try, and make an effort to affect much-needed change locally and in their own home.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"bcr_divfootnote\" class=\"sources-references narrow-width\">\n<h3 id=\"heading\" class=\"title link16\" data-jsid=\"sourcesReferencesBtn\">&#8211;\u00a0Sources and References<\/h3>\n<div id=\"contentrefsources\" class=\"contentrefsources\" data-jsid=\"sourcesReferences\">\n<div class=\"sources sourcesfoot\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"bcr_divReferences\" class=\"references\">\n<ul id=\"footnote-references2\">\n<li><sup><span id=\"ednref1\" data-hash=\"#edn1\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">1,<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<sup><span id=\"ednref9\" data-hash=\"#edn9\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">9,<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<sup><span id=\"ednref14\" data-hash=\"#edn14\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">14<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<a id=\"lnkReference\" href=\"https:\/\/ammo.com\/articles\/ssri-antidepressants-mass-shootings-violent-side-effects\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ammo.com, Prescription for Violence<\/a><\/li>\n<li><sup><span id=\"ednref2\" data-hash=\"#edn2\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">2<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<a id=\"lnkReference\" href=\"https:\/\/libertarianinstitute.org\/articles\/prescription-for-violence-the-corresponding-rise-of-antidepressants-ssris-mass-shootings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Libertarian Institute May 20, 2019<\/a><\/li>\n<li><sup><span id=\"ednref3\" data-hash=\"#edn3\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">3<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<a id=\"lnkReference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.psychreg.org\/antidepressants-ssri-mass-shootings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Psychreg.org January 26, 2021, updated February 21, 2022<\/a><\/li>\n<li><sup><span id=\"ednref4\" data-hash=\"#edn4\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">4<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<a id=\"lnkReference\" href=\"https:\/\/crimeresearch.org\/2018\/06\/more-misleading-information-from-bloombergs-everytown-for-gun-safety-on-guns-analysis-of-recent-mass-shootin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crime Prevention Research Center, Mass Public Shootings Stats<\/a><\/li>\n<li><sup><span id=\"ednref5\" data-hash=\"#edn5\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">5<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<a id=\"lnkReference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.health.harvard.edu\/blog\/astounding-increase-in-antidepressant-use-by-americans-201110203624\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harvard Health October 20, 2011<\/a><\/li>\n<li><sup><span id=\"ednref6\" data-hash=\"#edn6\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">6<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<a id=\"lnkReference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/blogs\/the-checkup\/post\/more-than-one-in-10-americans-aged-12-and-older-take-antidepressants-survey-shows\/2011\/10\/17\/gIQAHh2CvL_blog.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washington Post October 19, 2011<\/a><\/li>\n<li><sup><span id=\"ednref7\" data-hash=\"#edn7\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">7,<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<sup><span id=\"ednref8\" data-hash=\"#edn8\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">8<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<a id=\"lnkReference\" href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/4965022\/deadliest-mass-shooting-us-history\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Time April 16, 2021<\/a><\/li>\n<li><sup><span id=\"ednref10\" data-hash=\"#edn10\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">10<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<a id=\"lnkReference\" href=\"https:\/\/psychnews.psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/full\/10.1176\/pn.39.21.00390001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Psychiatric News November 5, 2004<\/a><\/li>\n<li><sup><span id=\"ednref11\" data-hash=\"#edn11\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">11<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<a id=\"lnkReference\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0015337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PLOS ONE December 15, 2010, DOI: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0015337<\/a><\/li>\n<li><sup><span id=\"ednref12\" data-hash=\"#edn12\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">12<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<a id=\"lnkReference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/mad-in-america\/201101\/psychiatric-drugs-and-violence-review-fda-data-finds-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Psychology Today January 5, 2011<\/a><\/li>\n<li><sup><span id=\"ednref13\" data-hash=\"#edn13\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">13<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<a id=\"lnkReference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/32934-do-antidepressants-increase-violent-behavior-111102html.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Live Science January 12, 2011<\/a><\/li>\n<li><sup><span id=\"ednref15\" data-hash=\"#edn15\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">15,<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<sup><span id=\"ednref16\" data-hash=\"#edn16\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">16<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<a id=\"lnkReference\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23548817\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Psychotherapy Psychosom 2013;82(3):161-9<\/a><\/li>\n<li><sup><span id=\"ednref17\" data-hash=\"#edn17\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">17<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<a id=\"lnkReference\" href=\"https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/dev4peace\/ripple-effects-war-how-violence-can-persist-after-formal-peace-declared\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">World Bank Blogs August 14, 2018<\/a><\/li>\n<li><sup><span id=\"ednref18\" data-hash=\"#edn18\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">18<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<a id=\"lnkReference\" href=\"https:\/\/centrical.com\/top-4-benefits-of-simulations-in-learning-practices\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Centrical Benefits of Simulations Training<\/a><\/li>\n<li><sup><span id=\"ednref19\" data-hash=\"#edn19\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">19<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<a id=\"lnkReference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iresearchnet.com\/research-paper-examples\/crime-research-paper\/war-and-violent-crime\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">War and Violent Crime Research<\/a><\/li>\n<li><sup><span id=\"ednref20\" data-hash=\"#edn20\"><span id=\"lblReferenceNo\">20<\/span><\/span><\/sup>\u00a0<a id=\"lnkReference\" href=\"https:\/\/www.voanews.com\/a\/white-house-disavows-senator-s-call-for-assassination-of-putin-\/6471280.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VOA Nws March 4, 2022<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>___<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/articles.mercola.com\/sites\/articles\/archive\/2022\/06\/16\/causes-of-mass-shootings.aspx\">https:\/\/articles.mercola.com\/sites\/articles\/archive\/2022\/06\/16\/causes-of-mass-shootings.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-120641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120641","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=120641"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120641\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=120641"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=120641"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=120641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}