\n1906<\/b>: Dr. Richard Strong, a professor of tropical medicine at Harvard, experiments with cholera on prisoners in the Philippines killing thirteen.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1913<\/b>: Pennsylvania House of Representatives recorded that 146 children had been inoculated with syphilis, \u201cthrough the courtesy of the various hospitals\u201d and that 15 children in St. Vincent\u2019s House in Philadelphia had had their eyes tested with tuberculin. Several of these children became permanently blind. The experimenters were not punished.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1915<\/b>: A doctor in Mississippi, working for the U.S. Public Health Office produces Pellagra in twelve Mississippi inmates in an attempt to discover a cure for the disease
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1919<\/b>–1922<\/b>: Testicular transplant experiments on five hundred prisoners at San Quentin.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1927<\/b>: Carrie Buck of Charlottesville is legally sterilized against her will at the Virginia Colony Home for the Mentally Infirm. Carrie Buck was the mentally normal daughter of a mentally retarded mother, but under the Virginia law, she was declared potentially capable of having a \u201cless than normal child.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\nBy the 1930s, seventeen states in the U.S. have laws permitting forced sterilization The settlement of Poe v. Lynchburg Training School and Hospital<\/i> (same institution, different name) in 1981 brought to an end the Virginia law. It is estimated that as many as 10,000 perfectly normal women were forcibly sterilized for \u201clegal\u201d reasons including alcoholism, prostitution, and criminal behavior in general.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1931<\/b>: Lubeck, Germany, 75 children die in from pediatrician\u2019s experiment with tuberculosis vaccine.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1931<\/b>: Germany adopts \u201cRegulation on New Therapy and Experimentation\u201d requiring all human experiments to be preceded by animal experiments. This law remained in effect during the Nazi regime.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1931<\/b>: Dr. Cornelius Rhoads, a pathologist, conducted a cancer experiment in Puerto Rico under the auspices of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Investigations. Dr. Rhoads has been accused of purposely infecting his Puerto Rican subjects with cancer cells. Thirteen of the subjects died. A Puerto Rican physician uncovered the experiment an investigation covered-up the facts. <\/span><\/p>\nDespite Rhoads\u2019 hand written statements that the Puerto Rican population should be eradicated, Rhoads went on to establish U.S. Army Biological Warfare facilities in Maryland, Utah, and Panama, and was later named to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Rhoads was also responsible for the radiation experiments on prisoners, hospital patients, and soldiers. The American Association for Cancer Research honored him by naming its exemplary scientist award the Cornelius Rhoads Award.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1932<\/b>–1972<\/b>: U.S. Public Health Service study in Tuskegee, Alabama of more than 400 black sharecroppers observed for the natural course of untreated syphilis.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1932<\/b>: Japanese troops invade Manchuria. Dr. Shiro Ishii, a prominent physician and army officer begins preliminary germ warfare experiments.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1936<\/b>: Japan\u2019s Wartime Human Biowarfare Experimentation Program.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1938<\/b>: Japan establishes Unit 731 in Pingfan, 25 km. from Harbin. Unit 731, a biological-warfare unit disguised as a water-purification unit, is formed outside the city of Harbin.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1939<\/b>: Third Reich orders births of all twins be registered with Public Health Offices for purpose of genetic research.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1939<\/b>: Twenty-two children living at the Iowa Soldiers\u2019 Orphans\u2019 Home in Davenport were the subjects of the \u201cmonster\u201d experiment that used psychological pressure to induce children who spoke normally to stutter. It was designed by one of the nation\u2019s most prominent speech pathologists, Dr. Wendell Johnson, to test his theory on the cause of stuttering.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1940<\/b>: Poisonous gas experiments at Unit 731. One experiment conducted September 7-10, 1940, on 16 Chinese prisoners who were exposed to mustard gas in a simulated battle situation.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1940<\/b>–1941<\/b>: Unit 731 used aircraft to spread cotton and rice husks contaminated with the black plague at Changde and Ningbo, in central China. About 100 people died from the black plague in Ningbo as a result.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1940<\/b>\u2019s: In a crash program to develop new drugs to fight Malaria during World War II, doctors in the Chicago area infected nearly 400 prisoners with the disease. Although the Chicago inmates were given general information that they were helping with the war effort, they were not informed about the nature of the experiment. Nazi doctors on trial at Nuremberg cited the Chicago studies as precedents to defend their own research aimed at aiding the German war effort.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1941<\/b>: Sterilization experiments at Auschwitz.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1941<\/b>–1945<\/b>: Typhus experiments at Buchenwald and Natzweiler concentration camps.
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1941<\/b>: Dr. William c. Black inoculated a twelve month old baby with herpes. He was criticized by Francis Payton Rous, editor of the Journal of Experimental Medicine, who called it \u201can abuse of power, an infringement of the rights of an individual, and not excusable because the illness which followed had implications for science.\u201d Dr. Rous rejected outright the fact that the child had been \u201coffered as a volunteer.\u201d
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n\n1942 – 1945<\/b>: Unit 731. Ishii begins \u201cfield tests\u201d of germ warfare and vivisection experiments on thousands of Chinese soldiers and civilians. Chinese people who rebelled against the Japanese occupation were arrested and sent to Pingfan where they became human guinea pigs; there is evidence that some Russian prisoners were also victims of medical atrocities. <\/span><\/p>\n\n- \n
\u201cI cut him open from the chest to the stomach and he screamed terribly and his face was all twisted in agony. He made this unimaginable sound, he was screaming so horribly. But then finally he stopped. This was all in a day\u2019s work for the surgeons, but it really left an impression on me because it was my first time.\u201d NYT <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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