{"id":72842,"date":"2021-07-08T16:36:52","date_gmt":"2021-07-08T20:36:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/?p=72842"},"modified":"2021-07-08T16:38:35","modified_gmt":"2021-07-08T20:38:35","slug":"when-will-folks-wake-up-to-these-worsening-crypto-scams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/?p=72842","title":{"rendered":"When will folks wake up to these worsening crypto scams"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--more--><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-72843\" src=\"http:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/999x-999.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"not-quite-full-width-image-lede-text-below\">\n<div class=\"not-quite-full-width-image-lede-text-below__content\">\n<h1 class=\"not-quite-full-width-image-lede-text-below__hed\">Crypto Scammers Rip Off Billions as Pump-and-Dump Schemes Go Digital<\/h1>\n<div class=\"not-quite-full-width-image-lede-text-below__dek\">\n<p>Billions are getting pilfered annually through a variety of cryptocurrency scams. The way things are going, this will only get worse.<\/p>\n<p>By Misyrlena Egkolfopoulou and\u00a0 Charlie Wells<br \/>\nBloomberg<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div data-component-root=\"FeatureBody\">\n<div class=\"body-copy fence-body\">\n<p class=\"section-break\"><strong>L<\/strong>isten to The Money Chant of the Wolves of Crypto.<\/p>\n<p>You remember The Money Chant: Matthew McConaughey thumping his chest, talking fools and money before \u2014\u00a0<em>sniff! \u2014\u00a0<\/em>a little lunchtime \u201ctootski.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">Titan Maxamus has been there. Well, not\u00a0<em>there<\/em>, in a \u201cWolf of Wall Street\u201d-style boiler room. There on the other side \u2014 as the mark. Titan Maxamus knows the game. All the brazenly cynical players do. In Scorsese\u2019s cinematic bender of sex, drugs and stocks, it\u2019s called the pump and dump. In today\u2019s cryptocurrencies, it\u2019s known as the rug pull.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">Maxamus thinks he got rug-pulled the other month in some sketchy digital token called \u2014 wait for it \u2014 Safe Heaven. Like countless dreamers in today\u2019s\u00a0<a title=\"link to story\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-06-25\/wall-street-and-c-suite-grapple-with-a-meme-stock-new-normal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">memeified<\/a>\u00a0markets, he\u2019s been gambling $50 here, $100 there on what are known as Shit Coins, obscure digital something-or-others being minted by the thousands. This stuff makes\u00a0<a title=\"link to story\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-07-06\/-btc-doge-eth-prices-what-elon-musk-and-tom-brady-think-about-crypto\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bitcoin<\/a> look good as gold.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">One moment, Safe Heaven was flying. The next, it was crashing. Maxamus (that&#8217;s his online\u00a0persona.\u00a0His real name is Glenn Titus), can\u2019t prove anything. But he suspects what, in retrospect, seems forehead-slappingly obvious: some small-time hustler created Safe Heaven with a few deft keystrokes, hyped the hell out of it \u2014 and promptly cashed out. Telegram, a popular instant messaging app that\u2019s become a major crypto boiler room, immediately fell silent. The Safe Heaven Telegram group, once thronging with rocket emojis and Elon Musk GIFs, was deleted. The Safe Heaven Twitter account hasn\u2019t been updated since May 28.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">\u201cEverybody I know has gotten rug-pulled,\u201d says Titus, a 38-year-old butcher in Salem, Oregon. \u201cYou know, you win some, you lose some. Hopefully, win more than lose.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"paywall\">It might sound like a joke, given the<a title=\"link to story\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2021-06-30\/whalefarm-crash-is-latest-too-good-to-be-true-defi-collapse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0crypto meltdowns<\/a> of late, but serious money is at stake here. Billions \u2014 real billions \u2014 are getting pilfered annually through a variety of cryptocurrency scams. The way things are going, this\u00a0will only get worse.<\/p>\n<p>Back in the Wall Street Dark Ages \u2014 six, 12, 18 months ago \u2014 these sorts of shenanigans were mostly associated with shlocky brokerages like the one depicted in the 2013\u00a0<em>Wolf.<\/em>\u00a0In those halcyon days before\u00a0GameStop, Dogecoin and the rest, schlubs on Long Island might pitch ridiculous over-the-counter stocks to the gullible.<\/p>\n<p>Nowadays crypto hustlers and star-gazers like Titan Maxamus have established a weird symbiotic relationship. It seems to capture everything that\u2019s gone wrong with money culture, from Reddit-fueled thrill-seeking to conspiracy theorizing to predatory wheeling-dealing. The rug pull is only one play. There\u2019s also the gentler soft rug, the crypto version of getting ghosted on Hinge. And the honey pot, which functions like a trap. Old-fashioned Ponzi schemes, newly cryptodenominated, have swindled people out of billions too.<\/p>\n<p>At times the result can start to resemble the Agatha Christie mystery classic \u201cMurder on the Orient Express\u201d: The who in this dunnit is somehow everyone. Grifters will grift. But like Maxamus, many marks actually expect to get snookered once in a while. Both sides, the swindler and the swindled, are in on this one. Elaborate social-media systems have sprung up to flag potential trouble, not only to avoid it but maybe even to profit from it.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pullquote\" data-align=\"center\">\n<p class=\"phrase\"><span class=\"news-designed-for-consumer-media\">\u201cEverybody I know has gotten rug-pulled\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p>Many who feel they\u2019ve been ripped off just shrug. They chalk it up to the cost of doing crypto, the price of buying a lottery ticket that maybe just might hit that big jackpot.<\/p>\n<p>Titan Maxamus says he\u2019s still in the money, swindlers be damned. And he\u2019s not giving up. He\u2019s got anywhere from $20 to $1,000 in dozens of different\u00a0<a title=\"link to story\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/features\/2021-05-20\/crypto-market-prices-ass-coin-superdoge-billionaires-prosper-and-fall\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">meme coins<\/a>. (A recent pick, Blue Lighting, looks like it fell victim to a honey pot \u2014 more on that later).<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPeople have a fear of missing out on the next big thing, so they\u2019re just dumping money here and there,\u201d Maxamus said with earnest understatement, just before Bitcoin and Shit Coins began to crater recently. He concedes his own FOMO lured him into a rug-pull or three. \u201cI guess you never know,\u201d he reflects. \u201cThat\u2019s part of the risk you take.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>T<\/strong>he list on Tokensniffer.com runs on and on. Six minutes ago, CatRocket. One hour ago, MoonMiner. Three hours ago, GoldenShiba. Four hours ago, EverRise. So it goes, hour after day after week after month, in a sort of running Trip Advisor review of bad crypto experiences. They all appear under the same heading: \u201cLatest Scams &amp; Hacks.\u201d\u00a0<a title=\"Link to website\" href=\"https:\/\/tokensniffer.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Tokensniffer<\/a>, aptly named for Shit Coins, claims to have tracked 42,071 tokens and 2,250 scams or hacks. That was as of June 16. More than 200 supposed stings were logged by users during the first two weeks of June alone.<\/p>\n<p>Just how many of these coins have actually been rug-pulled, soft-rugged or otherwise manipulated is anyone\u2019s guess. The website was developed in October 2020 by a software-engineer-cum-crypto-trader. He is 44 years old and lives in the western United States. Like many players in crypto, he prefers to remain anonymous.<\/p>\n<p>The idea for Tokensniffer came to him after he fell victim to rug pulls himself. His website scrapes data about new meme tokens from popular social media channels and scans the source code. Sometimes users also flag tokens that aren\u2019t in the system. Tokensniffer functions a bit like a virus scanner looking for malicious code patterns. A \u201csmell test\u201d program searches for vulnerabilities. Clones of existing meme tokens are often a red flag. Most recent scams \u2014 the site flagged 450 in in one recent 30-day period \u2014 were honeypots. Those tend to be easier to spot because of their code, Tokensniffer\u2019s creator says. Rug pulls are more complicated.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pullquote\" data-align=\"center\">\n<p class=\"passage\"><span class=\"news-designed-for-consumer-media\">Some crypto wolves work alone, others in packs, and almost all use online aliases.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p>Such supposed safeguards aside, people are getting scammed in growing numbers. So far this year, over $2.6 billion\u00a0has been grabbed, according to\u00a0<a title=\"Link to website\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chainalysis.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Chainalysis<\/a>, a New York-based blockchain researcher. That figure doesn\u2019t include a giant Ponzi scheme that just came to light in South Africa. Local authorities put the haul at $3.6 billion worth of Bitcoin. Gob-smacking as all of this might sound, these numbers in fact represent a marked decline from 2019, when fraudsters walked away with an estimated $9 billion.<\/p>\n<p>But here\u2019s a key difference: the sheer number of people getting hoodwinked. With a few outsize exceptions, most crypto scams seem to be getting smaller. That\u2019s the good news. The bad news is that there are more of them, and more people are getting stung. From 2019 to 2020, the number of victims has jumped 48% to an estimated 7.3 million, a figure approaching the official population of Hong Kong. Between the last three months of 2020 and the first three months of 2021, the number of unique scams rose nearly 18%, to 1,335, according to Chainalysis.<\/p>\n<p>Most individual scams are so small that the authorities don\u2019t bat an eye. Regulators around the world tend to prioritize cases involving lots of money, or violations that seem particularly egregious. Cases involving less than $100,000 tend to get a pass, and buyers have little incentive to chase after fraudsters on their own. Most swindlers simply disappear. The phenomenon is big, growing \u2014 and global. Some crypto wolves work alone, others in packs, and almost all use online aliases. Even people who are in on the same scam don\u2019t necessarily know their accomplices true identities.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou can\u2019t draw blood from a stone,\u201d Paul Sibenik, lead case manager at\u00a0<a title=\"Link to website\" href=\"https:\/\/cipherblade.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">CipherBlade<\/a>, a Blockchain investigation company, says of trying to get your money back. \u201cIf there\u2019s nothing left or if the loss wasn\u2019t that high, nailing down the people behind these scams vary case-by-case.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>CipherBlade, founded in 2018, hasn\u2019t taken on any meme-coin scam cases \u2014 yet. Sibenik expects business to roll in as more people give meme coins a whirl, lose their shirts or both, and the inevitable lawsuits pile up.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere is going to be consequences,\u201d Sibenick says, \u201cbut it\u2019s not going to happen quick.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Sibenik goes on: \u201cThere\u2019s so much financial opportunity. It\u2019s definitely not a single or even a small group of people.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Where are they all?<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAll over the world, really,\u201d Sibenick says.<\/p>\n<p class=\"section-break\"><strong>T<\/strong>he word went out on Twitter: Safetrade was supposedly \u201crug proof.\u201d The\u00a0person or persons behind it couldn\u2019t cut and run. An account that promotes meme coins, Crypto Gems, was urging their followers to get in \u2014\u00a0and get in fast.\u00a0(Crypto Gems didn\u2019t reply to messages from Bloomberg; whoever is behind it couldn\u2019t be reached.)<\/p>\n<p>It was April 10, a Saturday, and Safetrade was getting buzz across social media. People were saying this looked like the next \u201cit\u201d coin. Robert Turner placed $50 on Safetrade through PancakeSwap, one of the most popular decentralized exchanges for meme coins.<\/p>\n<p>A couple of days later, the rug got pulled. Or at least that\u2019s what Turner thinks happened. He was monitoring Safetrade on Poocoin.com, a scatologically named crypto platform, when the price collapsed to nearly zero in less than a minute. He checked the Safetrade Telegram group. Deleted. Members had been kicked out.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s when things got really weird. Minutes later, Turner got a private message from someone on Telegram. The person was offering to help recover his money. All Turner had to do was transfer any remaining tokens from his digital wallet to theirs.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou need to send the remaining balance of the Safetrade to the burn wallet we will assign you too,\u201d the anonymous user wrote to him. \u201cThis is a professional issue, I\u2019m not going to scam you, I\u2019m here to resolve this issue.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Turner, a 42-year-old software engineer in Melbourne, Australia, smelled trouble. He didn\u2019t do it. Turner says his tokens were worth pennies by that point. But then, pennies can add up. \u201cIf he was able to collect enough from various people, they could be worth quite a bit,\u201d he says of the supposed Good Samaritan.<\/p>\n<p>Then there was Mooncharge \u2014 what now looks like a \u201csoft rug.\u201d That\u2019s when the creator of a coin project jumps ship and abandons efforts to promote his or her creation. Often, this essentially renders a coin worthless. Turner bought $50 worth of Mooncharge in April after reading about the coin on Reddit. Before long, he was left high and dry. Here\u2019s what happened:<\/p>\n<p>The admin of the Telegram group, presumably Mooncharge\u2019s creator, promised fans in April that he was working on a new version of the coin. \u201cWe will keep everyone posted on Mooncharge v2,\u201d the person wrote, using shorthand for Version 2. \u201cGet ready this will be mental.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cV2?\u201d Moonchargers on Telegram were confounded.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAnyone want to tell me what is happening. Have we been scammed?\u201d one asked.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI\u2019m down $600 from 20-30 minutes ago, what happened,\u201d said another.<\/p>\n<p>By early May, the admin of the group was still insisting Version 2 was on the way. \u201cStay tuned,\u201d the admin wrote. Then: nothing. As of July 1, no further updates had arrived.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe token essentially became worthless after that,\u201d Tuner says. He held on for a bit, hoping that V2 might materialize, and then sold what was left of his Mooncharge. \u201cEveryone still lost their money,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"pullquote\" data-align=\"center\">\n<p class=\"passage\"><span class=\"news-designed-for-consumer-media\">\u201cIf there\u2019s nothing left or if the loss wasn\u2019t that high, nailing down the people behind these scams vary case-by-case.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<p>Ben Ghrist knows all about crypto scams. He\u2019s lives at his parents\u2019 home in Roanoke, Texas, and, for the moment, is trading meme coins as a full-time job. At 35, Ghrist is a millionaire in Safemoon, a billionaire in Kishu Inu and Sanshu Inu and a trillionaire in Keanu Inu. He\u2019s got money in at least\u00a015 different coins, with about a quarter of his $25,000 \u201cportfolio\u201d in Dogecoin, the one created as a joke back in 2013 and known for its Shiba Inu mascot.<\/p>\n<p>Ghrist suspects he\u2019s gotten rug-pulled, soft-rugged\u00a0and even fallen victim to a honey pot \u2014 when a seemingly legitimate coin sets up a trap, like the inability for investors to sell once they\u2019ve bought in. Ghrist says he wanted to trade the momentary 1000% gain of a coin launch called Space Jupiter but couldn\u2019t sell for about 20 minutes. He says the creators of the coin eventually re-enabled selling, but only after the coin price had slumped and after he suspects they had taken\u00a0gains for themselves.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s pretty much hit-or-miss wherever you go,\u201d says Ghrist, who typically works from his bed with two laptops. He says he\u2019s pulled all-nighters and worked 48 hours straight moiling for meme-coin gold.<\/p>\n<p>In picking his meme coins, he considers a range of factors to minimize risk. One is the number of social media accounts a coin has (legit coins, he says, tend to have more than dodgy ones). Another is whether those accounts are public or private (he says public is safer than private): how much time those accounts spend chatting with investors (more is better than less). Then he looks at what\u2019s happening in Telegram groups, known in meme-coin-speak as \u201cshilling groups.\u201d When the whole package looks slapdash, that\u2019s a bad sign, he says.<\/p>\n<p>Ghrist feels scammed at times, but he\u2019s pressing on too. \u201cWhen I feel that fear of losing my money, because I know I might, I also balance that with I might make five times my money or three times my money,\u201d he says. \u201cYou can literally do 30 times or more if you if you get a coin that lasts more than a day.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"section-break\"><strong>T<\/strong>he biggest crypto heist on record came to light only recently, and it appears that one was neither a rug-pull nor a soft-pull nor a honey pot. It looks like an old-fashioned\u00a0<a class=\"terminal-news-story\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/terminal\/QV7LXCDWX2PX\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ponzi scheme<\/a>. In April, two bothers in South Africa said their crypto investment platform had been hacked. Then they vanished \u2014 along with an estimated $3.6 billion of Bitcoin. Lawyers who\u2019d been working for the men, Raees and Ameer Cajee, said on June 29 that they were no longer representing them and didn\u2019t know where they were. The previous record-holder involved the Chinese crypto wallet and exchange PlusToken. According to Chinese authorities, PlusToken users were bilked out of\u00a0more than $2 billion\u00a0in another Ponzi scheme. Last November, the ringleaders were sentenced to between two and 11 years in prison.<\/p>\n<p>Mostly, though, authorities around the world are struggling to keep pace. A decade after Bitcoin was created, regulators are still grappling with how to police cryptocurrencies when the whole point\u00a0is that they operate without governments or central banks. As more institutions and ordinary investors dip their toes into crypto \u2014 and, despite all the wild gyrations, more probably will \u2014 new scams are bound to emerge.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCryptocurrency is entering a new phase,\u201d says Kim Grauer, head of research at Chainalysis. Technology is improving. Trading is getting easier. Institutions and ordinary investors who once wouldn\u2019t go near crypto are bound to take a long view and give it a try at some point. The Bank for International Settlements, the central bank for central bankers, just laid out tough capital standards for banks looking to deal in Bitcoin. It was a nod to the patently obvious \u2014 Bitcoin is risky \u2014 but also a recognition of cryptocurrencies\u2019 new place in the financial order.<\/p>\n<p>The Wolves of Crypto know all this, too. Somewhere out there, The Money Chant runs on.<\/p>\n<p>During the pandemic in the U.S., boredom, social media and old-fashioned greed has had people running in and out of crypto and meme stocks. Elon Musk tweets, and prices soar or swoon. Michael Burry, of \u201cThe Big Short\u201d-fame, has been<a class=\"terminal-news-story\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/terminal\/QUWEZ6T0AFB7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00a0warning\u00a0<\/a>all of this could all go horribly wrong. An estimated\u00a0<a title=\"Click to view webpage.\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/features\/2021-05-20\/crypto-market-prices-ass-coin-superdoge-billionaires-prosper-and-fall\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10,000 new coins<\/a>\u00a0have been minted this year. Who can say how many will turn out to be shams? So many Shit Coins are flying around out there, and prices can be so volatile, that many people can\u2019t even tell if they\u2019ve been scammed. The bad guys often cover their tracks by blending identifiable cryptocurrencies with anonymous ones, an old money-laundering maneuver known as \u201cmixing\u201d or \u201cblending.\u201d They engage in \u201cpeel chains,\u201d which involve skimming a little crypto here, a little there, and routing it to different digital wallets on different exchanges.<\/p>\n<p>And Jason Gottlieb, a partner in New York at the law firm Morrison Cohen, whose practice focuses on regulatory enforcement and cryptocurrencies, says some people tar particular coins for their own nefarious ends. \u201cYou also have purely malicious people who go on and they say project X is a scam because they\u2019re actually working for project Y that\u2019s a competitor, or they\u2019re working for trolls,\u201d Gottlieb says.<\/p>\n<p>This much is sure: no one complains when they\u2019re making money. It\u2019s when people start losing money \u2014 and lately, many have been \u2014 that they scream they\u2019ve been taken.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen the price goes up, people don\u2019t ask as many questions,\u201d says Tyler Moore, a cybersecurity professor University of Tulsa who\u2019s studied cryptocurrency scams. \u201cAnd then you see the flip side when things go down.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>___<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/features\/2021-07-08\/crypto-scams-rug-pulls-bitcoin-hacks-billions-lost-when-shit-coins-go-to-zero\">https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/features\/2021-07-08\/crypto-scams-rug-pulls-bitcoin-hacks-billions-lost-when-shit-coins-go-to-zero<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"leaderboard-IgciB59\" class=\"ad page-ad\" tabindex=\"-1\" role=\"presentation\" data-align=\"center\">\n<div id=\"bda878d273ed32315f9bd902f87f9ffd\" class=\"bb-ads__ad\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"bda878d273ed32315f9bd902f87f9ffd\" class=\"bb-ads__ad\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-72842","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72842","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=72842"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72842\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=72842"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=72842"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stateofthenation.co\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=72842"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}