Assessment of Glyphosate Induced Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance of Pathologies and Sperm Epimutations: Generational Toxicology… [Open Access].  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-42860-0

Abstract: Ancestral Environmental Exposures to a variety of factors and toxicants have been shown to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult onset Disease. One of the most widely used agricultural pesticides worldwide is the herbicide Glyphosate commonly known as Roundup. There are an increasing number of conflicting reports regarding the direct exposure toxicity (risk) of Glyphosate, but no rigorous investigations on the Generational actions. The current study using a transient exposure of Gestating F0 generation female rats found negligible impacts of glyphosate on the directly exposed F0 generation or F1 generation offspring pathology. In contrast, dramatic increases in pathologies in the F2 generation grand-offspring, and F3 transgenerational great-grand-offspring were observed. The transgenerational pathologies observed include Prostate disease, Obesity, Kidney disease, Ovarian disease, and Parturition (birth) abnormalities. Epigenetic analysis of the F1, F2 and F3 generation sperm identified differential DNA Methylation Regions (DMRs). A number of DMR Associated Genes were identified and previously shown to be involved in pathologies. Therefore, we propose Glyphosate can induce the Transgenerational Inheritance of Disease and Germline (e.g. sperm) Epimutations. Observations suggest the generational toxicology of glyphosate needs to be considered in the disease aetiology of future generations.

Introduction: (Brief Extracts) – Glyphosate was discovered in 1950 and was commercialised for its Herbicidal activity as Roundup in the 1970s by Monsanto. Glyphosate is the world’s most commonly used Herbicide accounting for nearly 72% of Global Pesticide usage. The current “safe” standard set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for Daily Chronic Reference Dose of Glyphosate is 1.75 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. The No Observable Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) is 50 mg/kg per day dose. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) there is Low Acute Toxicity observed by Oral, Dermal, or Inhalation routes. Glyphosate acts by inhibiting the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP) enzyme that is involved in the metabolism of aromatic amino acids in plants. This inhibition leads to a protein shortage and eventually plant death. The absence of this biochemical pathway in vertebrates, a rapid metabolism, and elimination of Glyphosate in mammals has led to the assumption that low levels of toxicity are expected in humans and other mammals. A wide variety of different organisms have been used to ‘assess’ the ecotoxicological actions of Glyphosate. Direct exposure has been linked to Reproductive Toxicity, Birth Defects, Reduced Sperm Production in rodents, and increased risk of Liver Metabolic Pathologies. Testis Pathologies develop following direct Glyphosate exposure involving Leydig cell, Sertoli cell and Spermatogenic cell apoptosis and damage, as well as Reduced Testosterone production. Additional male reproductive abnormalities include Delayed Onset Puberty, Behavioural Alterations, and Testis Pathology… Glyphosate induced Female pathologies involve Uterine Abnormalities, altered Ovarian Steroidogenesis, and Implantation Pathology25 in rodents. A review of a small number of human epidemiological studies involving direct exposure to glyphosate ‘concluded’ no risk for human development and reproduction.

The published literature has been focused on the direct exposure of an individual to Glyphosate which is the primary current ‘standard’ for Toxicology Risk assessment studies. No previous studies have examined the potential Transgenerational impacts of Glyphosate on Successive Generations not having continued direct Glyphosate exposure. Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance involves the germline (sperm or egg) mediated inheritance of epigenetic information between generations that leads to pathologies or phenotypic variation in the absence of continued direct exposures. Epigenetics is defined as “molecular factors and processes around DNA that regulate Genome activity (e.g. gene expression) independent of DNA sequence, and that are *mitotically stable.”  *[The process in cell division by which the nucleus divides, typically consisting of four stages, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, and normally resulting in two new nuclei, each of which contains a complete copy of the parental chromosomes. Also called Karyokinesis].  The epigenetic processes include – DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNA, chromatin structure, and RNA methylation. This non-genetic form of inheritance allows Environmental factors to induce Epigenetic Alterations at critical developmental periods in the germline (sperm or egg) which can then be passed to subsequent generations… Genetic mutations start to appear in the F3 generation sperm… Ovarian disease was characterised by the development of Polycystic Ovaries with an increase in the number of small and large cysts showing negligible granulosa cells. The frequency of Ovarian Disease was not significantly different between control and glyphosate lineages in the F1 generation. However, there was a significant increase in Ovarian Disease observed in the F2 and F3 generation Glyphosate lineage females when compared to the control lineage.  The weight, body mass index (BMI), abdominal adiposity, and adipocyte cell size were analysed in order to assess the frequency of Obesity in Glyphosate and Control lineage males and females. Analysis of potential Obese Phenotypes in the F1, F2, and F3 generation glyphosate and control lineages identified a significant increase in the obese phenotype of the F2 and F3 glyphosate lineage males and females.

The impacts of environmental exposures on subsequent generations can be referred to as “Generational Toxicology,” and suggests ancestral exposures can promote the onset of disease and pathology in subsequent generations – (germline induced embryonic stem cell alteration). Current literature suggests a functional role for the altered germline epigenome in mediating transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. For example, a DNA methylation epigenetic alteration in a plant flowering phenotype has been shown to be epigenetically inherited for over a 100 generations. Observations suggest the phenomenon does not appear easily reversible.

COMMENT:  The above is Evidence of a Serious Devolution of Human Innate Intelligence. The Non-Science (Nonsense) of Commercial Pesticides, Mandated Toxic Mishmash within ‘vaccines,’ Mandated Toxic Water Fluoridation, Genetically Mutated Foodstuffs, Synthetic ‘medications,’  Synthetic ‘vitamins,’ Synthetic hormones, – etc-etc – are all exposed as Toxic Consequence in the above, very alarming, Truly-Scientific study.  And today’s devolved Trash-Science is Imposed Government ‘Gold Standard’ Policies. (Fool’s Gold, Citizens)… We are about to Reap the Whirlwind for allowing this Gross Stupidity to Flourish under the Government / Corporate (GovCorp) Banner of ‘Science.’